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| Presentation |
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| The follow data belong to the Panorama of the Furniture Sector, elaborated by the Brazilian Association of Furniture Industries (Abimovel), an organization that congregates furniture manufactures, suppliers, associations and other professionals of the sector. The tables below bring a compilation of data and information on the wood line productive and furniture of Brazil that allows to analyze and to follow the sector evolution.
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Base Forest
Forest reserves - (hectares x 1000)
1000 have |
|
Territory |
Forests 1990 |
Forest 2000 |
Variation forest covering (%) 1990-2000 |
| Brazil |
845.651 |
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| South America |
1.754.741 |
|
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- 0,4 |
| World |
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|
- 0,2 |
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| Source: The FAO, 2000 in CSIL (The furniture industry in Brazil, 2003) |
The Brazilian forest base contemplates native and forests plantations. From total area of national territory, 66% (5,6 million km ²) are covered by natural forests, 0.5% by forests plantations and the rest (33.5%) for other uses as agriculture, cattle, urban areas and infrastructure, etc.
Native forests
Brazil has approximately 65% (5.5 million of km2) of its territory covered by forests, and almost 2/3 of it is formed by the Amazonian Forest, while the rest is made up of Atlantic Forest and ecosystems associates (South, Southeastern and northeastern), Caatinga (northeastern) and Cerrados (center-west). The country possesses the biggest extension of tropical forests of the world, lodges the greater biodiversity and is, simultaneously, the producing and also world-wide leader greater in tropical wood consumption.
Only the Amazonian Forest represents a third of the tropical forests of the world. The region contains the greater lumber product reserves (60 billions of m3 of wood).
The economic interest of Amazonian it is handling forest and the industrialization of forest products and by-products. Wood current production represents about US$ 2.5 billions year.
Certainly, adopting handling practice, the internal demand for wood could be taken care of, in a sustainable way, being used only a small percentage of productive potential surface areas.
Forest plantations
Brazil has almost five million hectares of plantations of Pinus and Eucalyptus species. The greater concentration in terms of planted area is in Minas Gerais, followed by São Paulo and Parana.
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| Eucalyptus |
Pinus |
Others |
Total |
| 2.964 |
1.769 |
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The most outstanding States* in Pinus planted areas is Parana, Santa Catarina, Bahia and São Paulo. All together represent 73% of total planted.
Eucalyptus plantations areas are concentrated in the Southeastern region of the country. Only the state of Minas Gerais is responsible for almost 51% of total planted.
*Source: Basic document for the elaboration of the National Plan of Forests - MMA.
STCP Engenharia de Projetos in Abimci - sectorial Study 2003
Agglomerate Production
Agglomerate wood production was of 758 thousand m3 in 1994, and increased for 1.8 thousand m3 in 2003, what it meant a 238% growth. In the future, the sector must grow still more, since the producing companies of panels, ironware, coverings, inks and the own companies of furniture are growing.
The furniture hubs are the main consuming agglomerate markets, since almost 90% of produced volume is destined to furniture manufacture. The greater parcel of the national production is absorbed directly by the furniture industry.
A smaller volume is commercialized by resale and destined to the moving sector of small bearing.
In Brazil, the wood, one of the main raw materials used for the production of agglomerate panels, come from forest plantations entirely. The companies Placas do Parana, Tafisa and Berneck use the 100% of pinus in the manufacture of agglomerate panels; the Eucatex Company uses the 100% of eucalyptus, whereas Duratex and Satipel combine pinus and eucalyptus in varied proportions.
Source: BNDES
Furniture Industry
The Brazilian furniture industry is formed by more than 16,398 small, medium and large domestic capital companies (in its majority) that have generated more than 208,584 jobs (RAIS 2005). These companies are located in center-south zone of the country principally, constituting in some states, furniture hubs, as Bento Gonçalves, in Rio Grande do Sul; São Bento do Sul, in Santa Catarina; Arapongas in Parana; Mirassol, Votuporanga and São Paulo in San Pablo; Ubá in Minas Gerais, Linhares in Espírito Santo.
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| Federacy Unit |
Nº Establishments |
Nº Workers |
| Rondônia |
125 |
791 |
| Acre |
38 |
198 |
| Amazonas |
45 |
601 |
| Roraima |
11 |
58 |
| Pará |
123 |
1903 |
| Amapá |
18 |
59 |
| Tocantins |
51 |
216 |
| Maranhão |
100 |
1358 |
| Piauí |
64 |
991 |
| Ceará |
313 |
4399 |
| Rio Grande do Norte |
120 |
979 |
| Paraíba |
92 |
773 |
| Pernambuco |
302 |
3515 |
| Alagoas |
58 |
678 |
| Sergipe |
80 |
715 |
| Bahia |
397 |
5868 |
| Minas Gerais |
2169 |
25937 |
| Espírito Santo |
328 |
5165 |
| Rio de Janeiro |
587 |
5536 |
| São Paulo |
3729 |
49928 |
| Paraná |
2168 |
29458 |
| Santa Catarina |
2033 |
30504 |
| Rio Grande do Sul |
2464 |
31753 |
| Mato Grosso do Sul |
128 |
649 |
| Mato Grosso |
241 |
1771 |
| Goiás |
398 |
3920 |
| Distrito Federal |
116 |
841 |
| Total |
16298 |
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| Source: RAIS/2005 Elaboration: Abimóvel |
| |
| Furniture hubs |
State |
Company |
Workers |
| Ubá |
MG |
310 |
3150 |
| Bom Despacho |
MG |
117 |
2000 |
| Linhares e Colatina |
ES |
130 |
3000 |
| Arapongas |
PR |
150 |
7980 |
| Mirassol |
SP |
85 |
7400 |
| Votuporanga |
SP |
210 |
8500 |
| Tupã |
SP |
54 |
700 |
| São Bento do Sul |
SC |
710 |
8500 |
| Bento Gonçalves |
RS |
370 |
10500 |
| Lagoa Vermelha |
RS |
60 |
1800 |
| São Paulo metropolitan area |
SP |
3000 |
9000 |
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Companies' profile
Furniture manufacturers companies are distributed depending on their size (bearing of companies by occupied staff sectors, according to mentioned sources in document MDIC/SDP/DMPNE-05/12/02 of the MINISTRY of Development, Industry and Foreign trade):
1. Micro companies (up to 9 employees): 12.108
2. Small companies (of 10 to 49 employees): 3.446
3. Medium (of 50 to 99 employees): 432
4. Great (more than 100 employees): 312
5. Total: 16.298
(Source: RAIS 2005) |
They are familiar and traditional companies, most of them setting up with domestic capital. Recently, in some specific segments - offices- an increasing interest by foreign companies is perceived.
As in the whole world, the Brazilian furniture industry is very fragmented and it has two main characteristics:
1) High number of micros and small companies, in a sector with mainly national capital.
2) Great absorption of manual labor.
Exports
Main exporting states of Brazil are Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo and Parana, exactly to lodge a great number of furniture companies. About destiny of Brazilian furniture, the United States, in spite of continuing being the main market, diminished their purchases in a 20.4% between January and September of this year, in relation to the nine first months of the last year, being motivated by the fall of the dollar.
On the other hand, external furniture sales towards the European Union had grown 10.2% in the same period. Among the import countries of the European Union of Brazilian furniture, it is worth mentioning Denmark, Poland and Portugal. For these countries, the exports of Brazil had increased 61.9%, 64.6% and a 44.8% respectively, between January and September 2007, front the same the period of 2006. Apart of these countries, there are those that increased their purchases like Spain (with a 34.3%), Rumania (35%), Germany (30.5%), Belgium (20.6%) and Greece (19.1%), according to sources of the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade.
The Brazilian furniture exports to the MERCOSUR, commercial block formed by Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela (added in 2006 July) also are increasing. Total of Brazil furniture external sales to the block countries grew 27.11%. But these numbers already come growing from 2005 - between January and September of 2006, the general increase was of 17.6% and in furniture sector of 26.9% from the same period of 2005.
Exports by state between 2005 and 2006: |
| State |
2005 - Total US$ |
2006 - Total US$ |
% |
| Santa Catarina |
433.338.634 |
358.184.699 |
-17,34% |
| Rio Grande do Sul |
270.442.545 |
266.669.982 |
-1,39% |
| Paraná |
91.731.990 |
105.157.512 |
14,64% |
| São Paulo |
87.427.269 |
106.538.382 |
21,86% |
| Bahia |
68.256.572 |
71.526.492 |
4,79% |
| Minas Gerais |
11.190.400 |
16.435.213 |
46,87% |
| Espírito Santo |
6.425.973 |
7.431.501 |
15,65% |
| Maranhão |
3.987.663 |
565.142 |
-85,83% |
| Ceará |
4.429.587 |
3.562.450 |
-19,58% |
| Pará |
3.308.094 |
2.372.935 |
-28,27% |
| Rio de Janeiro |
2.527.747 |
1.815.666 |
-28,17% |
| Mato Grosso do Sul |
1.442.428 |
669.101 |
-53,61% |
| Mato Grosso |
596.910 |
489.960 |
-17,92% |
| Amazonas |
142.627 |
4.507 |
-96,84% |
| Pernambuco |
1.044.608 |
1.122.162 |
7,42% |
| Rio Grande do Norte |
96.131 |
33.653 |
-64,99% |
| Rondônia |
16.923 |
11.358 |
-32,88% |
| Acre |
2.588 |
4.306 |
66,38% |
| Alagoas |
20.323 |
16.835 |
-16,79% |
| Distrito Federal |
0 |
3.688 |
0,00% |
| Goiás |
2.988.023 |
877.186 |
-70,64% |
| Outros |
993.655 |
1.749.962 |
76,11% |
| Paraíba |
204 |
6.874 |
3269,61% |
| Piauí |
2.251 |
0 |
0,00% |
| Roraima |
9.790 |
250 |
0,00% |
| Sergipe |
1.365 |
5.185 |
279,85% |
| TOTAL |
990.424.209 |
945.255.001 |
-4,56% |
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| Annual Exportations |
| Year |
US$ |
| 1990 |
39.744.595 |
| 1991 |
57.295.962 |
| 1992 |
125.694.839 |
| 1993 |
266.069.681 |
| 1994 |
293.545.956 |
| 1995 |
336.558.513 |
| 1996 |
351.324.802 |
| 1997 |
366.331.006 |
| 1998 |
338.081.212 |
| 1999 |
385.202.520 |
| 2000 |
485.174.452 |
| 2001 |
479.085.232 |
| 2002 |
532.486.497 |
| 2003 |
661.574.475 |
| 2004 |
940.424.209 |
| 2005 |
990.424.209 |
| 2006 |
945.255.001 |
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